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Folks,
The Gunnery Pocket Book, B.R. 224/45, 1945 was created near the end of WW II and therefore represents the peak of British WW II gunnery. This edition has a few small corrections and updates that were added by hand in 1949 that are reflected in the text.
In this online version of the manual we have
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of the Web's universal accessibility. Different browsers and fonts will cause
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B.R. 224/45
THE
GUNNERY
POCKET BOOK
1945
ADMIRALTY, S.W.1.
GUNNERY BRANCH.
A
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ADMIRALTY, S.W.1.
19th June, 1945.
G. 6450/43.
B.R. 224/45-The Gunnery Pocket Book, 1945, having been approved
by My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty is hereby promulgated for
information and guidance.
B.R. 224-The Gunnery Pocket Book, dated 1932 and reprint of 1938, and
B.R. 154-The Ammunition Pocket Book, 1935, are hereby superseded and all
copies should be disposed of in accordance with the instructions in B.R.1-B.R. Catalogue.
By Command of Their Lordships,
To Flag Officers and Commanding
Officers of H.M.
Ships and Vessels concerned.
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CONTENTS
| Page |
| List of Abbreviations Used in Gunnery | x |
| Introduction | Paras. |
| Objects of the book-Possibilities of the gunnery career-steps in the gunnery career-advancement-recommendations-training | 1 |
| CHAPTER I |
| Gunnery in Ships | |
| General-A 6-inch cruiser, "Mauritius" class | 20 |
| A "Dido" class cruiser-A typical destroyer | 32 |
| CHAPTER II |
| The Ship's Company | |
| Part played in fighting the ship | 41 |
| CHAPTER III |
| Naval Guns | |
| How a gun is fired-Construction of the gun barrel-Rifling-Problem of recoil | 45 |
| Breech mechanisms-Summary of safety arrangements-The B.L. mechanism | 51 |
| The Q.F. mechanism-Care and cleaning | 59 |
| CHAPTER IV |
| Hand Worked Mountings | |
| Principles of mountings-Pedestal mountings-Central pivot mountings-Cradles-Trunnions-H.A. mountings-Recoil arrangements-Run-out arrangements-Intensifiers-Elevating gear-Training gear-Loading tray | 85 |
| The 4.7-inch Q.F. Mark IX** gun on the C.P. Mark XVIII mounting | 111 |
| The 4-inch Q.F. Mark XVI* gun on the H.A. Twin Mark XIX mounting | 117 |
| Maintenance of mountings | 122 |
| CHAPTER V |
| Power Worked Mountings | |
| General-Liquid used in hydraulic systems-Pipes and joints-Types of valves-Leathers-Pressure supply-Hydraulic machines | 130 |
| 6-inch B.L. Mark XXIII gun on Triple Mark XXIII mounting | 149 |
| 5.25-inch Q.F. Mark I gun on H.A./L.A. Twin Mark II mounting | 159 |
| Upkeep of machinery | 171 |
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| CHAPTER VI |
| Ammunition | Paras. |
| General-Guns-Explosives | 175 |
| Cartridges-Tubes and primers-Ammunition packages-Colouring of ammunition packages-Projectiles-Supply and care of projectiles-Tracers and Igniters-Colouring and marking on projectiles-Fuzes-Fuzing of shell-Gaines | 179 |
| Aircraft bombs-safety arrangements-supply and fuzing-markings | 212 |
| Small arms ammunition-Rifle grenades-Fireworks supplied for Naval service-Fireworks supplied for use in aircraft-Firework boxes-Line-throwing guns-Line-carrying rockets | 216 |
| Magazines and shell rooms-Ammunitioning ship | 240 |
| CHAPTER VII |
| Low Angle Firing | |
| SECTION 1-THE DIRECTOR SYSTEM | |
| Reasons for a director system-Allowances to be made in director firing for elevation and for training | 256 |
| For Elevation.-Dip-Differences in muzzle velocity and temperature of charge at each gun-Tilt-Displacement | 260 |
| For Training.-Convergence -Drift | 267 |
| Summary of corrections | 270 |
| The director sight-the "P" sight-The gun receivers, elevation and training-Firing arrangements | 271 |
| Electrical transmission and lining up-step by step-synchronous-magslip, indicator and power | 284 |
| Director laying and training-practical working of a director sight | 292 |
| Errors in director firing due to roll and pitch of ship-due to roll, firing on the beam-due to roll, firing on the bow | 295 |
| SECTION 2- THE FIRE CONTROL PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION | |
| Target indication-Obtaining the correct range-Obtaining the correct line of fire-Summary of the fire control problem | 297 |
| Admiralty Fire Control Clock | 304 |
| Typical modern Fire Control Table | 312 |
| The fire control team-Composition of the team-Organization for night action-Standard methods of passing orders-Method of using telephones-Positions of controlling and methods of firing the guns-Gun-layer's control | 318 |
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| SECTION 3-THE PRINCIPLES OF RADAR, OPTICAL RANGEFINDERS AND INCLINOMETERS | Paras. |
| Radar-nature of Radar-uses of Radar-limitations of Radar-Radar operators | 349 |
| Optical rangefinders-use of rangefinders | 354 |
| Principles of the coincidence rangefinder | 356 |
| Focus-magnification or power-taking a range-types of field-astigmatizers-light filters | 357 |
| L.A. ranging-halving error-mean adjustment error or coincidence error | 363 |
| Inclinometers | 371 |
| Maintenance of rangefinders and inclinometers | 372 |
| SECTION 4-THE GUN | |
| Gunsights-trainer's free sight-Parts of a sight-Types of sights-Corrections required at a sight-Maintenance of gun sights-Telescopes | 373 |
| Gunlaying and training-when following director-when using gunsights-point of aim-recognition of targets | 395 |
| Firing arrangements-local firing-gunlayer's firing-quarters' firing | 400 |
| General principles underlying drill at the gun | 401 |
| The gun's crew at a destroyer's gun-composition of crew | 403 |
| Action drill-action drill common to all forms of fire-action drill for low angle fire | 405 |
| Defence and cruising stations at the gun | 408 |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| High Angle Firing | |
| Outline of the control system-the problem-principles of deflection | 415 |
| H.A.C.S., fuze prediction | 427 |
| Fuze keeping clock, fuze prediction | 432 |
| The high angle fire control team | 436 |
| Air defence of the ship-barrage firing-A.B.U. firing. T.I.U. | 446 |
| Drill at the high angle guns | 449 |
| CHAPTER IX |
| Close Range A.A. Gunnery |
| Necessity for simple control-Close range guns' crews-Close range guns sights - Eyeshooting and Aircraft recognition -type of attack | 455 |
| The Pom-Pom director Mark IV-The 2-pounder Mark VIII gun on Mark VII mounting-The Oerlikon | 471 |
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| CHAPTER X |
| Look-outs and Optical Instruments | Paras. |
| Look-outs-Care of binoculars-How to adjust binoculars-How to use binoculars-Typical look-out organisation-Duties of lookouts-Reporting-Recognition | 495 |
| CHAPTER XI |
| Organisation of a Ship's Company | |
| Degrees of readiness in war-time-Alarm signals-Food and sanitation -Spare gear-Casualties | 510 |
| CHAPTER XII |
| Damage Control | |
| Closing doors-Abandoning compartments-Fire-Prevention of fire in a ship | |
| Magazines-Flooding and spraying-Correcting heel and trim-Counter flooding-Damage control communications-General | 525 |
| CHAPTER XIII |
| General Maintenance of the Armament in War | |
| Cold weather-Muzzle covers | 545 |
| CHAPTER XIV |
| Notes on Boarding Parties | 555 |
| CHAPTER XV |
| Gunnery Practices | |
| Types of practice firings-Training close range guns' crews-precautions during practice firings-Records and recorders-stop watches-notes for recorders | 560 |
| CHAPTER XVI |
| Saluting Guns | |
| Nature and number of guns used-Single ship procedure-Fleet procedure | 580 |
| APPENDIX I. | Page |
| Particulars of Armament and Fittings supplied for Service Boats | 196 |
| APPENDIX II. |
| List of Bugle Calls. | 202 |
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DIAGRAMS
| Paras. |
| 1. 4.7 inch Q.F. Mark IX** Gun on C.P. Mark XVIII Mounting | 111-6 |
| 2. 4 inch Q.F. Mark XVI* Guns on Twin H.A. Mark XIX Mounting | 117-21 |
| 3. " U," "Hat" and " L " Leathers | 139-40 |
| 4. Illustrating Angle of Dip | 260-1 |
| 5. M.V. and Temperature Corrector at Elevation Receiver | 262-3 |
| 6. Tilt Corrector | 264-5 |
| 7. Illustrating Displacement | 266 |
| 8. Illustrating Convergence | 267-8 |
| 9. Typical Arrangement of D.C.T. Crew | 255, 271 |
| 9a. Gyro Director Sight, Type H Mark I | 255, 271 |
| 10. Fig. I Elevation Receiver Type " E.M." Mark I | 276-8 |
| Fig. II Training Receiver Type "D" Mark IV | 279-80 |
| 11. Director Layer's and Gunlayer's Firing Circuits | 281-3 |
| 12. Range and Deflection Step by Step Receiver, Counterdrum Type | 285 |
| 13. Fig. I Step by Step Transmission | 285-6 |
| Fig. II Synchronous Transmission | 287-8 |
| 14. Principle of Hunter Mechanism | 289 |
| 15. Fig. I Indicator Magslip Transmission | 290 |
| Fig. II Power Magslip Transmission-Three Element System | 291 |
16. Captain's Sight and Open Face Indicator | 24,297 |
| 17. Admiralty Fire Control Clock Mark I-Plan of Top | 304-11 |
| 18. The Measurement of Inclination | 305-6 |
| 19. Typical Modern Fire Control Table | 312-7 |
| 20. The Low Angle Fire Control Team | 318-28 |
| 21. The Principle of Optical Rangefinding | 356, 360 |
| 22. Figs. I and II Heightfinder Cut | 360 |
| 23. Halving Error in Rangefinders "Erect Image Field" | 368 |
| 23A. Halving Error in Rangefinders-Inverted Image Field | 368 |
| 24. Inclinometer Type S.F.13 | 371 |
| 25. Typical Geared Sight-4.7 inch Mark XVIII Mounting | 375 |
| 26. Parts of a Gun Sight | 380 |
| 27. Principles of Deflection | 421-4 |
| 28. Deflection Screen-H.A.C.S. Mark IV | 425-6 |
| 29. Typical Range Plot-H.A.C.S. | 427-31 |
| 30. Fuze Keeping Clock Mark II | 432-5 |
| 31. The High Angle Fire Control Team | 436-45 |
| 32. Eyeshooting Sights | 460-4 |
| 33. Pom-Pom Director Mark IV | 471-2 |
| 34. 2-pdr. Pom-Pom Mark VII Mounting | 473-5 |
| 35. 20 mm. Oerlikon Gun | 476-91 |
| 36. Binoculars Pattern 1900A | 496-7 |
| 37. Air Lookout (A.L.O.) Position | 500 |
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PLATES
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ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GUNNERY.
This list is not exhaustive. Certain abbreviations have been omitted, e.g., those
for the greater part found on packages to which reference should be made in the
appropriate handbook, particularly the Handbook on Ammunition.
| A. | Letter usually denoting foremost centre-line turret or mounting. |
| (A) | Annealed. [ed. Letter A with a full circle around it.] |
| A.A. | Anti-aircraft. |
| A.A.1 | Anti-aircraft rating 1st class. |
| A.A.2 | Anti-aircraft rating 2nd class. |
| A.A.3 | Anti-aircraft rating 3rd class. |
| A.A.D. | Apparatus Air Defence. |
| A.B.U. | Auto Barrage Unit. |
| A/C | Aircraft. |
| Admy. | Admiralty. |
| A.D.O. | Air Defence Officer. |
| A .D.P. | Air Defence Position. |
| A.F.C.C. | Admiralty Fire Control Clock. |
| A.F.C.T. | Admiralty Fire Control Table. |
| A. F.O. | Admiralty Fleet Order. |
| A/G. | Anti Gas. |
| A.G.O. | Air Gunnery Officer. |
| A.I.C. | Action Information Centre. |
| A .I.N.O. | Assistant Inspector of Naval Ordnance. |
| A.L.O. | Air Lookout. |
| A.M.C. | Armed Merchant Cruiser. |
| Ammn. | Ammunition. |
| A.P. | Armour Piercing, Air Ministry Publication. |
| a.p.v. | Average Projectile Velocity. |
| A.S. | Angle of Sight. Admiral Superintendent. |
| A/S. | Anti-Submarine. |
| A. S.A. | Ammunition, Small Arms. |
| A. S .0. | Armament Supply Officer. |
| Aux. | Auxiliary. |
| A.V.G.I. | Auxiliary Vessel Gunnery Instructor. |
| A.V.G.O. | Auxiliary Vessel Gunnery Officer. |
| B. | Letter usually denoting second foremost centre-line turret or mounting. |
| B.C. | Ballistic Cap. |
| B.D. | Between Deck (Gun mountings). |
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| Bg. | Bearing. |
| B.H. | Ballistic Height. |
| B.H.C. | Ballistic Height Correction |
| B.L. | Breech Loading. |
| B.M. | Breech Mechanism. |
| B.P.T. | Battle Practice Target. |
| B.R. | Book of Reference. |
| B.T.U. | Bearing Transmission Unit. |
| C.A.F.O. | Confidential Admiralty Fleet Order. |
| Cal. | Calibre. |
| C.B. | Confidential Book. |
| C.B.R. | Confidential Book allowed to Ratings. |
| C.E. | Composition Exploding. |
| C.G. | Captain of Gun. |
| e.g. | Centre of Gravity. |
| Chg. | Charge. |
| C.N.F. | Common Nose Fuzed. |
| C.O. | Control Officer. |
| C.O.A. | Chief Ordnance Artificer. |
| Comd. Gnr. | Commissioned Gunner. |
| Convtd. | Converted. |
| C.O.O. | Commissioned Ordnance Officer. |
| C.O.S. | Change Over Switch. |
| C.P. | Central Pivot. Calculating Position. Common Pointed. |
| C.P.B.C. | Common Pointed Ballistic Capped. |
| C.P.C. | Common Pointed Capped. |
| C.R. | Calibre Radius. Commencement of Rifling. Close Range. |
| c.r.h. | Calibre Radius Head. |
| C.R.1 | Control Rating First Class. |
| C.R.2 | Control Rating Second Class. |
| C.R.3 | Control Rating Third Class. |
| Ctg. | Cartridge. |
| C.W.P. | Wooden Packing Case. |
| D.A. | Direct Action (Delay Action occasionally). |
| D.a. | Deflection in Azimuth. |
| D.A.I. | Direct Action Impact. |
| D.B. | Dive Bombing. |
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| D.C. | Damage Control. Depth Charge. |
| D.C.T. | Director Control Tower. |
| D.E. | Director Elevation. |
| Def. | Deflection. |
| D.E.M.S. | Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship. |
| Det. | Detonator. |
| Dir. | Director. |
| D.1 | Lateral Deflection. |
| D.N.P. | Di-Nitro-Phenol. |
| D.O. | Director Officer. |
| D.T. | Director Training. |
| D.v. | Vertical Deflection. |
| E.A.O. | Explosives Accounting Officer. |
| E.B.I. | Enemy Bearing Indicator. |
| E.M.F. | Electro-Mechanical Firing. |
| Exd. | Examined. |
| Expl. | Exploder. |
| F.A. | Fixed Ammunition. |
| F.C. | Fire Control. Full Charge. |
| F.C.B. | Fire Control Box. |
| F.C.T. | Fire Control Table. |
| F.D.O. | Fighter Direction Officer. |
| F.K.C. | Fuze Keeping Clock. |
| F.O.G.M.O. | Fitting Out Gun Mounting Officer. |
| F.O.G.O. | Fitting Out Gunnery Officer. |
| F.O.B. | Forward Observer (Bombardment). |
| F.O.S. | Fall of Shot. |
| f.s. | Feet per Second. |
| F.T. | Field Training. |
| F.T.P. | Follow the Pointer. |
| Fzd. | Fuzed. |
| G. | Followed by a number indicates Gunpowder Grain size. |
| G.A. | Gunnery Aircraft (Radar Set). |
| G.B. | Gunnery Barrage (Radar Set). |
| G.B.I. | Gyro Bearing Indicator. |
| G.C. | Gunnery Close Range (Radar Set). |
| G.C.O. | Gunnery Control Officer. |
| G.C.T. | Gun Control Tower. |
| G.E. | Gun Elevation. |
| G.I. | Gunnery Instructor (R.M.) |
| G.L. | Gunlayer. |
| G.L.O. | Gunnery Liaison Officer. |
| G.L.W. | Gunnery Lieutenant's Writer. |
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| G.M. | Gunner's Mate. |
| Gne. | GaMe. |
| Gnr. | Gunner. |
| Gnr. † | Dagger Gunner (Gunner Instructional). |
| G.O. | Gunnery Officer. |
| G.P. | Gunpowder, General Purpose. |
| G.Q's. | General Quarters. |
| G.R. | Gun Range. |
| G.R.U. | Gyro Rate Unit. |
| G.S. | Gunnery Surface (Radar Set). |
| G.S. | General Service. |
| H.A. | High Angle. |
| H.A.C.P. | High Angle Calculating Position. |
| H.A.C.S. | High Angle Control System. |
| H.A.D.E.S. | High Angle Director Eyeshooting Sight. |
| H.A.D.T. | High Angle Director Tower. |
| H.E. | High Explosive. |
| H.E.S. | High Explosive Substitute. |
| H.G.R. | Hitting Gun Range. Higher Gunnery Rating. |
| H.O. | Hostilities Only. |
| How. | Howitzer. |
| H.S.C.T. | Hot Solventless Carbamite Tubular (cordite). |
| H.V. | High Velocity. |
| Hyd. | Hydraulic. |
| Hyg. | Hygrometer. |
| Ig. | Igniter. |
| Incl. | Inclination. |
| I.N.O. | Inspector of Naval Ordnance. |
| L.A. | Low Angle. |
| L.D.S. | Local Director Sight. |
| L.E. | Lee Enfield. |
| L.G. | Lewis Gun. Large Grain (gunpowder). |
| L.P. | Low Power. |
| L.R.1 | Layer Rating First Class. |
| L.R.2 | Layer Rating Second Class. |
| L.R.3 | Layer Rating Third Class. |
| L.S.T. | Line of Sight Training. |
| M.A.C. | Main Armament Control. |
| Mag. | Magazine. |
| M.C. | Modified Cracked (Cordite). |
| M.D. | Modified (Cordite). |
| M.D.T. | Modified Tubular (Cordite). |
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| M.G. | Machine Gun. |
| Mk. | Mark. |
| M.L. | Metal Lined. Muzzle Loading. |
| M.P.I. | Mean Point of Impact. |
| M.T. | Temporary local colloquial mark for an emptied package. |
| Mtg. | Mounting. |
| M.V. | Muzzle Velocity. |
| N. | Letter on Armament Stores for Naval Service. |
| N.A.D. | Naval Armament Depot. |
| N.C. | Nitro-Cellulose. |
| N.C. R. | Naval Cordite Regulations. |
| N.M. & E.R. | Naval Magazine and Explosive Regulations. |
| N.O.I.O. | Naval Ordnance Inspecting Officer. |
| N.R.V. | Non-Return Valve. |
| N.T. | Night Tracer. |
| O. | Marking of certain watertight doors (see Chapter 12). |
| O.A. | Ordnance Artificer. |
| O.A.(O) | Ordnance Artificer qualified in Optical Instruments. |
| O.B.L. | Ordnance, Breech Loading. |
| Oer. | Oerlikon. |
| O.F.I. | Open Face Indicator. |
| O.M. | Ordnance Mechanic. |
| O.O.Q. | Officer of Quarters. |
| O.P. | Observation Post (bombardment). |
| Opr. | Operator. |
| O.Q.F. | Ordnance, Quick Firing. |
| Ord. Lt. | Ordnance Lieutenant. |
| O.U. | Official Use (books). |
| P. | Letter signifying Pedestal type mounting.
Followed by a number may indicate a gun, or mounting on the Port side.
On a package may indicate the size of gunpowder (pebble). |
| P.A. | Picric Acid. |
| P.A.C. | Parachute and Cable. |
| P.C.O. | Principal Control Officer. |
| Pdr. | Pounder, as in 2 pdr., 3 pdr. |
| Perc. | Percussion. |
| P.HD. | Priddy's Hard. Note.-Suitable initials or monograms are used for |
|
| all Armament Depots. A complete list may be found in Regulations for Naval Armament Services, Part 2, Appendix 1. |
| Phos. | Phosphorus. |
| P.P. | Picric Powder. |
| P.P.I. | Plan Position Indicator. |
| Prac. | Practice. |
| Proj. | Projectile. |
| P.S. | Powder Substitute (practice projectiles). |
| P.S.G.I. | Patrol Service Gunnery Instructor. |
| P.S.G.L. | Patrol Service Gunlayer. |
| P.S.S.G. | Patrol Service Seaman Gunner. |
| Q | Letter usually denoting third centre-line turret where more than four such turrets are fitted. |
| Q.E. | Quadrant Elevation. |
| Q.F. | Quick Firing. |
| Q.O. | Rating Qualified in Ordnance. |
| Q.R.1. | Quarters Rating First Class. |
| Q.R.2. | Quarters Rating Second Class |
| Q.R.3. | Quarters Rating Third Class. |
| R. | Repairable. |
| R.C.1. | Radar Control Rating First Class. |
| R.C.2. | Radar Control Rating Second Class. |
| R.C.3. | Radar Control Rating Third Class. |
| Rcpr. | Recuperator. |
| Rcvr. | Receiver. |
| R.D. | Research Department usually followed by a letter or figure to indicate formulae. |
| R.D.F. | Term superseded by RADAR. |
| Red. Ch. | Reduced Charge. |
| R/E & D.U. | Range to Elevation and Deflection Unit. |
| REFLD. | Refilled. |
| REPD. | Repaired. |
| R/E.U. | Range to Elevation Unit. |
| R.F. | Rangefinder. Rim Fire. |
| RF/D. | Rangefinder Director. |
| R.G.F. | Royal Gun Factory. |
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| R.L. | Royal Laboratory. |
| R.N.C. | Letters preceding Naval S.C. Cordite lot numbers. |
| R.O. | Rate Officer. |
| R.P.C. | Remote Power Control. |
| R/T. | Radio Telephony. |
| R.T.U. | Range Transmission Unit. |
| R.Y.P.A. | Roll, Yaw, Pitch, Alteration of course (Instructional Apparatus). |
| S. | Denoting Tube for Strikerless lock.
When followed by a number may indicate a gun or mounting on the starboard side. |
| S.A. | Semi-Automatic. Small Arms. |
| S.A.P. | Semi Armour Piercing. |
| S.A.S.O. | Superintending Armament Supply Officer. |
| S.C. | Solventless Carbamite (Cordite). |
| S.D.V. | Screw Down Valve. |
| S.G. | Seaman Gunner. (Obsolescent term.) |
| Shrap. | Shrapnel. |
| S.S. | Sight Setter. Star Shell. |
| Sub. Cal. | Sub. Calibre. |
| S.V. | Stop Valve. |
| S.V.G.L. | Small Vessel Gunlayer. |
| T. | Tracer. |
| T & P. | Time and Percussion. |
| T.B.I. | Target Bearing Indicator. |
| T.E. | Tangent Elevation. |
| Temp. | Temperature. |
| T.I.C. | Time Interval Compensation. |
| T.I.O. | Target Indication Officer. |
| T.I.R. | Time Interval Receiver. Target Indicating Room. |
|
| T.I.U. | Target Indication Unit. |
| T.N.T. | Tri-Nitro-Toluene. |
| T.O.F. | Time of Flight. |
| T.P.I. | Target Position Indicator. |
| T.S. | Transmitting Station. |
| T.S.S. | Target Smoke Shell. |
| U.P. | Unrotated Projectile. |
| U.D. | Upper Deck (mountings). |
| V.A. | Vickers Armstrong. |
| V.S. | Vent Sealing. |
| V.S.G. | Variable Speed Gear. |
| V.S.M. | Vickers, Sons and Maxim. |
| W.A. | Warning of Aircraft (Radar Set). |
| W.B. | William Beardmore. |
| W.C. | Warning Combined surface and aircraft (Radar set). |
| W.O.O. | Warrant Ordnance Officer. |
| W.S. | Warning of Surface craft (Radar set). |
| W.T. | Water Tight. |
| W/T. | Wireless Telegraphy. |
| Wt. | Weight |
| X. | Letter usually denoting the turret or mounting on the centre line next before the after one.
Used as a watertight door marking. (See Chapter XII.) |
| Y. | Letter usually denoting the after turret or mounting on the centre line.
Used as a watertight door marking. (See Chapter XII.) |
| Z | Mark indicating Lead Azide Detonator.
Used as a watertight door marking. (See Chapter XII.) |
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